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Evidence for powerful AGN winds at high redshift: dynamics of galactic outflows in radio galaxies during the "Quasar Era"

TitleEvidence for powerful AGN winds at high redshift: dynamics of galactic outflows in radio galaxies during the "Quasar Era"
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2008
AuthorsNesvadba, NPH, Lehnert, MD, De Breuck, C, Gilbert, AM, van Breugel, W
JournalAstronomy & Astrophysics
Volume491
Pagination407-424
Date PublishedNov
ISBN Number0004-6361
Accession NumberWOS:000260761100018
Abstract

AGN feedback now appears as an attractive mechanism to resolve some of the outstanding problems with the "standard" cosmological models, in particular those related to massive galaxies. At low redshift, evidence is growing that gas cooling and star formation may be efficiently suppressed by mechanical energy input from radio sources. To directly constrain how this may influence the formation of massive galaxies near the peak in the redshift distribution of powerful quasars, z similar to 2, we present an analysis of the emission-line kinematics of 3 powerful radio galaxies at z similar to 2-3 (HzRGs) based on rest-frame optical integral-field spectroscopy obtained with SINFONI on the VLT. The host galaxies of powerful radio-loud AGN are among the most massive galaxies, and thus AGN feedback may have a particularly clear signature in these galaxies. We find evidence for bipolar outflows in all HzRGs, with kinetic energies that are equivalent to 0.2% of the rest-mass of the super-massive black hole. Observed total velocity offsets in the outflows are similar to 800-1000 km s(-1) between the blueshifted and redshifted line emission, and FWHMs similar to 1000 km s(-1) suggest strong turbulence. Line ratios allow to measure electron temperatures, similar to 10(4) K from [OIII]lambda lambda lambda 4363, 4959, 5007 at z similar to 2, electron densities (similar to 500 cm(-3)) and extinction (A(V) similar to 1-4 mag). Ionized gas masses estimated from the H alpha luminosity are of order 10(10) M(circle dot), similar to the molecular gas content of HzRGs, underlining that these outflows may indicate a significant phase in the evolution of the host galaxy. The total energy release of similar to 10(60) erg during a dynamical time of similar to 10(7) yrs corresponds to about the binding energy of a massive galaxy, similar to the prescriptions adopted in galaxy evolution models. Geometry, timescales and energy injection rates of order 10% of the kinetic energy flux of the jet suggest that the outflows are most likely driven by the radio source. The global energy density release of similar to 10(57) erg s(-1) Mpc(-3) may also influence the subsequent evolution of the HzRG by enhancing the entropy and pressure in the surrounding halo and facilitating ram-pressure stripping of gas in satellite galaxies that may contribute to the subsequent mass assembly of the HzRG through low-dissipation "dry" mergers.

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